Piping fabrication transforms raw pipe, fittings, flanges, and valves into assembled piping systems ready for installation. Shop fabrication of piping spools and assemblies provides quality, efficiency, and cost advantages over traditional stick-built field construction.

Fabrication process includes material receipt and inspection, pipe cutting to length with appropriate bevels, fitting and flange installation, welding per qualified procedures, radiographic or ultrasonic examination, hydrostatic or pneumatic testing, surface preparation and coating or insulation, and preservation for shipment. Quality control throughout prevents defects and rework.

Shop fabrication enables controlled welding environment free from weather, ergonomic welding positions improving quality and productivity, efficient material handling with cranes and positioners, comprehensive inspection access, and systematic testing before shipment. These advantages typically deliver 30-50% labor savings versus field fabrication.

Prefabrication strategy involves designing optimal spool breaks considering transportation dimensions, field connection accessibility, weight for handling, and minimizing field welds. Successful prefabrication requires coordination between design, fabrication, and construction to ensure shop-fabricated spools fit field conditions.