Engineering and design transforms project requirements and performance objectives into detailed specifications and drawings that enable fabrication and construction. This creative and analytical process balances technical performance, cost, schedule, constructability, and operability to deliver optimized solutions.

The engineering process typically progresses through concept development, preliminary design with alternatives evaluation, detailed design producing fabrication-ready documentation, and engineering support during construction. Each phase builds on previous work, progressively refining designs and increasing engineering deliverable detail.

For pressure vessels and process equipment, engineering encompasses stress analysis to applicable codes, material selection for service conditions, thermal and mechanical design of components, nozzle orientation and reinforcement design, support design for operational and test loads, and specification of welding, examination, and testing requirements.